Joggle overall

• Joggle Research - Cognitive Tasks
• Basner M, Savitt A, Moore TM, Port AM, McGuire S, Ecker AJ, Nasrini J, Mollicone DJ, Mott CM, McCann T, Dinges DF, Gur RC. Development and Validation of the Cognition Test Battery for Spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015;86(11):942–952. PMCID: PMC4691281.
• Gur RC, Ragland JD, Moberg PJ, Turner TH, Bilker WB, Kohler C, Siegel SJ, Gur RE. Computerized neurocognitive scanning: I. Methodology and validation in healthy people. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;25(5):766–776.
• Roalf DR, Gur RE, Ruparel K, Calkins ME, Satterthwaite TD, Bilker WB, Hakonarson H, Harris LJ, Gur RC. Within-individual variability in neurocognitive performance: age- and sex-related differences in children and youths from ages 8 to 21. Neuropsychology. 2014;28(4):506–518. PMCID: PMC4175525.
• Summary (after Basner et al, 2015)

Test	Name	Domain	Brain region
AM	Abstract Matching	Abstraction, concept formation	Prefrontal cortex
BART	Balloon Analog Risk	Risk decision making	Orbital frontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum
DSST	Digit Symbol Substitution	Complex scanning, visual tracking	Temporal cortex, prefrontal cortex, motor cortex
LOT	Line Orientation	Spatial orientation	Right temporo-parietal cortex, visual cortex
MPT	Motor Praxis	Sensory-motor speed	Sensorimotor cortex
NBACK	2-Back Memory	Working memory	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cingulate, hippocampus
PVT	Psychomotor Vigilance	Vigilant attention	Prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, inferior parietal and some visual cortex
VOLT	Visual Object Learning	Spatial learning & memory	Medial temporal cortex, hippocampus

Abstract Matching (AM)

• Derivation
  • Initial development called this Abstraction Inhibition and Working Memory (AIM)
  • Glahn DC, Cannon TD, Gur RE, Ragland JD, Gur RC. Working memory constrains abstraction in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47(1):34–42.
• Assesses
  • Abstraction
  • Executive function (maybe)
• Papers
  • Hale S, Myerson J, Faust M, Fristoe N. Converging evidence for domain-specific slowing from multiple nonlexical tasks and multiple analytic methods. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1995;50(4):P202–211.
  • Glahn DC, Cannon TD, Gur RE, Ragland JD, Gur RC. Working memory constrains abstraction in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47(1):34–42.
  • Chen J, Myerson J, Hale S. Age-related dedifferentiation of visuospatial abilities. Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(12):2050–2056.
  • Duan XJ, Shi JN, Zhou D. Developmental Changes in Processing Speed: Influence of Accelerated Education for Gifted Children. Gifted Child Quarterly. 2010;54(2):85–91.
  • Duan X, Dan Z, Shi J. The speed of information processing of 9- to 13-year-old intellectually gifted children. Psychol Rep. 2013;112(1):20–32.
  • Roalf DR, Gur RE, Ruparel K, Calkins ME, Satterthwaite TD, Bilker WB, Hakonarson H, Harris LJ, Gur RC. Within-individual variability in neurocognitive performance: age- and sex-related differences in children and youths from ages 8 to 21. Neuropsychology. 2014;28(4):506–518. PMCID: PMC4175525.
• Scoring
  • Number correct (Joggle: Correct.Responses → AMcorrect)
  • Median reaction time for correct responses (Joggle: not recorded; need script)
• Data
  • Mean RT is mean for all trials (index = 1–30)
  • Median RT can be calculated from the individual TimeSeries_AM… files

Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART)

• Derivation
  • Lejuez CW, Read JP, Kahler CW, Richards JB, Ramsey SE, Stuart GL, Strong DR, Brown RA. Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking: the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). J Exp Psychol Appl. 2002;8(2):75–84.
• Assesses
  • Impulsivity
• Web
  • Balloon Analogue Risk Task
  • Using the lab to understand adolescent risk taking
• Papers
  • Bornovalova, M., Daughters, S., Hernandez, G., Richards, J., & Lejuez, C. (2005). Differences in impulsivity and risk-taking propensity between primary users of crack cocaine and primary users of heroin in a residential substance-use program. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13(4), 311–318. 16366761
  • Skeel, R. L., Neudecker, J., Pilarski, C., & Pytlak, K. (2007). The utility of personality variables and behaviorally-based measures in the prediction of risk-taking behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 203–214. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.025
  • Wallsten TS, Pleskac TJ, Lejuez CW. Modeling behavior in a clinically diagnostic sequential risk-taking task. Psychol Rev. 2005;112(4):862–880.
  • Skeel RL, Neudecker J, Pilarski C, Pytlak K. The utility of personality variables and behaviorally-based measures in the prediction of risk-taking behavior. Personality and Individual Differences. 2007;43(1):203–214.
  • White TL, Lejuez CW, de Wit H. Test-retest characteristics of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;16(6):565–570. PMCID: PMC4244869.
  • Roalf DR, Gur RE, Ruparel K, Calkins ME, Satterthwaite TD, Bilker WB, Hakonarson H, Harris LJ, Gur RC. Within-individual variability in neurocognitive performance: age- and sex-related differences in children and youths from ages 8 to 21. Neuropsychology. 2014;28(4):506–518. PMCID: PMC4175525.
• Scoring
  • Adjusted average pumps (Lejuez, 2002)
  • Total reward (Skeel et al, 2007)
  • Other scoring

Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST)

• Derivation
  • WAIS
• Assesses
  • Speed
  • Attention
  • Working memory
  • Visual scanning
• Scoring
  • Number correct (Joggle: Correct.Responses → DSSTcorrect)

Line Orientation Test (LOT)

• Derivation
  • Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test
• Assesses
  • Spatial orientation
• Papers
  • Calamia M, Markon K, Denburg NL, Tranel D. Developing a short form of Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation Test: an item response theory approach. Clin Neuropsychol. 2011;25(4):670–684. PMCID: PMC3094715.
  • Spencer RJ, Wendell CR, Giggey PP, Seliger SL, Katzel LI, Waldstein SR. Judgment of Line Orientation: an examination of eight short forms. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2013;35(2):160–166. PMCID: PMC3668441.
  • Steinberg BA, Bieliauskas LA, Smith GE, Langellotti C, Ivnik RJ. Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies: Age- and IQ-Adjusted Norms for the Boston Naming Test, the MAE Token Test, and the Judgment of Line Orientation Test. Clin Neuropsychol. 2005;19(3–4):280–328.
  • Woodard JL, Benedict RH, Roberts VJ, Goldstein FC, Kinner KM, Capruso DX, Clark AN. Short-form alternatives to the Judgment of Line Orientation Test. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1996;18(6):898–904.
• Scoring
  • Total correct (Joggle: Correct.Responses → LOTcorrect)

Motor Praxis Task (MPT)

• Derivation
• Assesses
  • Sensorimotor speed
• Papers
  • Gur RC, Richard J, Calkins ME, Chiavacci R, Hansen JA, Bilker WB, Loughead J, Connolly JJ, Qiu H, Mentch FD, Abou-Sleiman PM, Hakonarson H, Gur RE. Age group and sex differences in performance on a computerized neurocognitive battery in children age 8–21. Neuropsychology. 2012;26(2):251–265. PMCID: PMC3295891.
• Scoring Median response time (Joggle: Median.RT..ms. → MPTmdRT??)

NBACK Memory (NBACK)

• Assesses
  • Working memory
• Papers
  • Dickinson D, Goldberg TE, Gold JM, Elvevag B, Weinberger DR. Cognitive factor structure and invariance in people with schizophrenia, their unaffected siblings, and controls. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37(6):1157–1167. PMCID: PMC3196936.
  • Ragland JD, Turetsky BI, Gur RC, Gunning-Dixon F, Turner T, Schroeder L, Chan R, Gur RE. Working memory for complex figures: an fMRI comparison of letter and fractal n-back tasks. Neuropsychology. 2002;16(3):370–379. PMCID: PMC4332798.
• Scoring
  • Number correct (Joggle: Correct.Responses → NBACKcorrect)
  • Median reaction time for correct responses (Joggle: Median.RT.Correct.Matches..ms. → NBACKmdCorrectRT)

Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT)

• Derivation
  • Measuring fatigue in sleep studies
• Assesses
  • Attention
  • Alertness
• Web
  • In space
• Papers
  • Basner M, Savitt A, Moore TM, Port AM, McGuire S, Ecker AJ, Nasrini J, Mollicone DJ, Mott CM, McCann T, Dinges DF, Gur RC. Development and Validation of the Cognition Test Battery for Spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015;86(11):942–952. PMCID: PMC4691281.
  • Killgore WD, Rupp TL, Grugle NL, Reichardt RM, Lipizzi EL, Balkin TJ. Effects of dextroamphetamine, caffeine and modafinil on psychomotor vigilance test performance after 44 h of continuous wakefulness. J Sleep Res. 2008;17(3):309–321.
• Scoring
  • Mean response time (Joggle: Mean.RT..ms. → PVTavRT)
  • Speed (1/RT)
  • Lapses – minor (≥0.5 s) and major (≥3 s)?
  • False starts (Joggle: falseStart → PVTfalseStart)

Visual Object Learning Task (VOLT)

• Derivation
  • Glahn DC, Gur RC, Ragland JD, Censits DM, Gur RE. Reliability, performance characteristics, construct validity, and an initial clinical application of a visual object learning test (VOLT). Neuropsychology. 1997;11(4):602–612.
• Assesses
  • Spatial memory
  • Memory for complex figures
• Scoring
  • Number of correctly recognized targets (Joggle: Correct.Responses → VOLTcorrect or Correct.Definitely.Yes → VOLTcorrectDefYes)
  • Number of correctly rejected foils (Joggle: Correct.Definitely.No → VOLTcorrectDefNo)
  • Median response times for correct responses (Joggle: Median.RT..ms. → VOLTmdRT)